Reference: cat
Author: Daniel Gilly & the Staff of O'Reilly & Associates
Date: 1998-08-06T21:52:18Z

#

| Chapter 2 UNIX Commands |

## cat

    cat [options] [files]

Read one or more `files` and print them on standard output. Read standard input if no `files` are specified or if - is specified as one of the files; end input with `EOF`. You can use the > operator to combine several files into a new file; use >> to append files to an existing file.

### Options

-e

  Print a $ to mark the end of each line. Must be used with -v.

-s

  Suppress messages about nonexistent files. (Note: In the BSD version, -s squeezes out extra blank lines.)

-t

  Print each tab as ^I and each form feed as ^L. Must be used with -v.

-u

  Print output as unbuffered (default is buffered in blocks or screen lines).

-v

  Display control characters and other nonprinting characters.

### Examples

>     cat ch1		Display a file.
>     cat ch1 ch2 ch3 > all		Combine files.
>     cat note5 >> notes		Append to a file.
>     cat > temp1		Create file at terminal; end with EOF.
>     cat > temp2 << STOP		Create file at terminal; end with STOP.

Reference: cancel |  | Reference: cb