[Chapter 3] HTML Tags
Author: Stephen Spainhour and Valerie Quercia
Date: Fri Aug 29 18:03:18 1997

#

| Chapter 3 |

# 3. HTML Tags

Contents:
HTML Tag and Attribute Descriptions

This section lists the known HTML tags and attributes currently available for use in Web documents. There are many different browsers out there, and they do not all support the same set of tags.

If keeping track of all the browsers and all their differences makes your head spin, no fear. Netscape Navigator and Microsoft's Internet Explorer are the two most popular browsers, and are responsible for almost all of the non-standard extensions to HTML. Chapter 8, Browser Comparison, discusses the most important differences between the latest versions of these two browsers.

The most recent version of Netscape Navigator is 3.0. Tags and attributes specific to this browser have N3 at the beginning of their descriptions. Microsoft's Internet Explorer is also currently at version 3.0. It will be indicated by IE3. Browser-specific tags for the earlier versions of the browsers (e.g., IE2 or N2) are assumed to be supported in the later versions.

## 3.1 HTML Tag and Attribute Descriptions

### <a>

Create a hyperlink (`href` attribute) or fragment identifier (`name` attribute) within a document.

#### Attributes

`href`=url

  Specify the URL of a hyperlink target (required if not a name anchor).

`methods`=list

  Specify a comma-separated list of browser-dependent presentation methods.

`name`=string

  Specify the name of a fragment identifier (required if not a hypertext reference anchor).

`rel`=relationship

  Indicate the relationship from this document to the target.

`rev`=relationship

  Indicate the reverse relationship of the target to this document.

`target`=name

  Define the name of the frame or window to receive the referenced document.

`title`=string

  Provide a title for the target document.

`urn`=urn

  Specify the location-independent Uniform Resource Name for this hyperlink.

#### Example

To create an anchor named `info` at some point in a document called doc.html, use the `<a>` tag with the `name` attribute:

    <a name="info">Information</a>

To provide a hyperlink to that point in doc.html, use the `<a>` tag with the `href` attribute appending the anchor name to the filename using a hash mark (#):

    <a href="doc.html#info">Link to information</a>

### <address>

The enclosed text is an address.

### <applet>

Define an executable applet within a text flow.

#### Attributes

`align`=position

  Align the `<applet>` region to either the `top`, `middle`, `bottom` (default)`,` `left,` `right`, `absmiddle`, `baseline`, or `absbottom` of the text in the line.

`alt`=string

  Specify alternative text to replace the `<applet>` region within browsers that support the `<applet>` tag, but cannot execute the application.

`code`=class

  Specify the class name of the code to be executed (required).

`codebase`=url

  URL from which the code is retrieved.

`height`=n

  Specify the height, in pixels, of the `<applet>` region.

`hspace`=n

  Specify additional space, in pixels, to the left and right of the `<applet>` region.

`name`=string

  Specify the name of this particular instance of the `<applet>`.

`vspace`=n

  Specify additional space, in pixels, above and below the `<applet>` region.

`width`=n

  Specify the width, in pixels, of the `<applet>` region.

### <area>

Define a mouse-sensitive area in a client-side image map.

#### Attributes

`coords`=list

  Specify a comma-separated list of shape-dependent coordinates that define the edge of this area.

`href`=url

  Specify the URL of a hyperlink target associated with this area.

`nohref`

  Indicate that no document is associated with this area; clicking in the area has no effect.

`shape`=shape

  Define the region's shape to be either `circ`, `circle`, `poly`, `polygon`, `rect`, or `rectangle`.

### <b>

Format the enclosed text using a bold typeface.

### <base>

Specify the base URL for all relative URLs in this document.

#### Attributes

`href`=url

  Specify the base URL.

`target`=name

  Define the default target window of all `<a>` links in the document. Mostly used for redirecting a link to other frames. There are four special values: `_blank`, `_parent`, `_self`, and `_top`. These values are described in Chapter 4, Frames.

### <basefont>

Specify the font size for subsequent text.

#### Attributes

`size`=value

  Set the basefont size of 1 to 7 (required; default is 3).

### <bgsound>

IE2 and later. Define background audio for the document.

#### Attributes

`loop`=value

  Set the number of times to play the audio; value may be an integer or the value `infinite`.

`src`=url

  Provide the URL of the audio file to be played.

### <big>

Format the enclosed text using a bigger typeface.

### <blockquote>

The enclosed text is a block quotation.

### <body>

Delimit the beginning and end of the document body.

#### Attributes

`alink`=color

  Set the color of active hypertext links in the document.

`background`=url

  Specify the URL of an image to be tiled in the document background.

`bgcolor`=color

  Set the background color of the document.

`bgproperties`=value

  IE2 and later. When set to `fixed`, prevent the background image from scrolling with the document content.

`leftmargin`=value

  IE2 and later. Set the size, in pixels, of the document's left margin.

`link`=color

  Set the color of unvisited hypertext links in the document.

`text`=color

  Set the color of regular text in the document.

`topmargin`=value

  IE2 and later. Set the size, in pixels, of the document's top margin.

`vlink`=color

  Set the color of visited links in the document.

### <br>

Break the current text flow, resuming at the beginning of the next line.

#### Attributes

`clear`=margin

  Break the flow and move downward until the desired margin, either `left`, `right`, or `all`, is clear.

### <caption>

Define a caption for a table.

#### Attributes

`align`=position

  For Netscape, set the vertical position of the caption to either `top` or `bottom`. Default is top, centered. For Internet Explorer, set the horizontal alignment of the caption to either `left`, `center`, or `right`, or even the vertical position to `top` or `bottom`. The default is top, centered. You cannot set both the horizontal and vertical position with this attribute alone. See Chapter 8, Browser Comparison, for more information.

`valign`=position

  IE2 and later. Set the vertical position of the caption to either `top` or `bottom`. Default is top. Use this with a horizontal specification to `align` to set both vertical and horizontal caption position in Internet Explorer.

See Chapter 5, Tables, for more information on using tables.

### <center>

Center the enclosed text.

### <cite>

The enclosed text is a citation.

### <code>

The enclosed text is a code sample.

### <col>

IE2 and later. Set properties for a column (or columns) within a `<colgroup>` of a table.

#### Attributes

`align`=value

  Specify alignment of text in the cells of a column. Value can be `center`, `left`, or `right`.

`span`=n

  Specify the number of columns to be affected by the `<col>` settings.

### <colgroup>

IE2 and later. Set properties for designated column or columns within a table Also indicates where vertical rules will be drawn when `rules=groups` is set in the `<table>` tag.

#### Attributes

`align`=value

  Specify alignment of text in the cells of columns in the `<colgroup>`. Values can be `center`, `left`, or `right`.

`span`=n

  Specify the number of columns in the `<colgroup>`.

### <comment>

IE2 and later. Place a comment in the document. Comments will be visible in all other browsers. Comments can be placed within `<!-` - comment text - `->` for all browsers.

### <dd>

Define the definition portion of an element in a definition list.

### <dfn>

Format the enclosed text as a definition.

### <dir>

Create a directory list containing `<li>` tags.

#### Attributes

`compact`

  Make the list more compact if possible.

### <div>

Create a division within a document.

#### Attributes

`align`=type

  Align the text within the division to `left`, `center`, or `right`.

### <dl>

Create a definition list containing `<dt>` and `<dd>` tags.

#### Attributes

`compact`

  Make the list more compact if possible.

### <dt>

Define the definition term portion of an element in a definition list.

### <em>

Format the enclosed text with additional emphasis.

### <embed>

Embed an object into a document. Additional parameters to those listed here may be included depending on the embedded object.

#### Attributes

`src`=url

  Specify the URL of the object to be embedded (required).

`height`=n

  Specify the height of the area the embedded object will occupy.

`name`=name

  Specify the name of the embedded object.

`width`=n

  Specify the width of the area the embedded object will occupy.

### <font>

Set the size, color, or typeface of the enclosed text.

#### Attributes

`color`=color

  Set the color of the enclosed text. text"

`face`=list

  Set the typeface of the enclosed text to the first available font in the comma-separated list of font names.

`size`=value

  Set the size to an absolute value (1 to 7), or relative to the `<basefont>` size using `+n` or `-n`.

### <form>

Delimit a form.

#### Attributes

`action`=url

  Specify the URL of the application that will process the form. The default is the current URL.

`enctype`=encoding

  Specify how the form element values will be encoded.

`method`=style

  Specify the parameter-passing style, either `get` or `post` The default is get.

`target`=name

  IE3 only. Specify a target window for results of form submission to be loaded. The special attributes `_bottom`, `_top`, `_parent`, and `_self` may be used. They are described in Chapter 4, Frames.

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags, for more information on using forms.

### <frame>

Define a frame within a frameset.

#### Attributes

`bordercolor`=color

  N3 only. Set color for frame border if border is turned on with `frameborder=yes`.

`frameborder`=`[1|0]`

  IE3 only. Enable or disable the displaying of a 3-D border for a frame. Default is `1`, which inserts the border. The value `0` turns the border off.

`frameborder`=`[yes|no]`

  N3 only. Enable or disable the displaying of a 3-D border for a frame or a plain border. The default is `yes` (for 3-D borders).

`marginheight`=n

  Place n pixels of space above and below the frame contents.

`marginwidth`=n

  Place n pixels of space to the left and right of the frame contents.

`name`=string

  Define the name of the frame.

`noresize`

  Disable user resizing of the frame.

`scrolling`=type

  Always add scrollbars (`yes`), never add scrollbars (`no`), or add scrollbars when needed (`auto`).

`src`=url

  Define the URL of the source document for this frame.

See Chapter 4, Frames for more information on using frames.

### <frameset>

Define a collection of frames or other framesets.

#### Attributes

`border`=n

  N3 only. Set size in pixels of frame borders within a frameset. Default border width is 5 pixels.

`bordercolor`=color

  N3 only. Set color for frame borders in a frameset.

`cols`=list

  Specify the number and width of frames within a frameset.

`frameborder`=`[yes|no]`

  N3 only. Enable or disable the displaying of 3-D borders or regular borders for frames. The default is `yes` (3-D borders).

`frameborder`=`[1|0]`

  IE3 only. Enable or disable the displaying of 3-D borders for frames within a frameset. The default is `1` (borders on).

`framespacing`=n

  IE3 only. Add additional space between adjacent frames in pixels.

`rows`=list

  Specify the number and height of frames within a frameset.

See Chapter 4, Frames for more information on using frames.

### <hn>

The enclosed text is a level n header; for level n from 1 to 6.

#### Attributes

`align`=type

  Specify the heading alignment as either `left` (default), `center`, or `right`.

### <head>

Delimit the beginning and end of the document head.

### <hr>

Break the current text flow and insert a horizontal rule.

#### Attributes

`align`=type

  Specify the rule alignment as either `left`, `center` (default), or `right`.

`noshade`

  Do not use 3-D shading to render the rule.

`size`=pixels

  Set the thickness of the rule to an integer number of pixels.

`width`=value

  Set the width of the rule to either an integer number of pixels or a percentage of the page width.

### <html>

Delimit the beginning and end of the entire HTML document.

#### Attributes

`version`=string

  Indicate the HTML version used to create this document.

### <i>

Format the enclosed text in an italic typeface.

### <iframe>

IE3 only. Define a floating frame within a document with similar placement to `<img>`. This element requires a closing tag.

#### Attributes

`align`=type

  Align the floating frame to either the `top`, `middle`, `bottom` (default), `left`, or `right` of the text in the line.

`frameborder`=`[1|0]`

  Enable or disable the displaying of a 3-D border for a frame. Default is `1`, which inserts the border. The value `0` turns the border off.

`height`=n

  Specify the height of the frame in pixels or as a percentage of the window size.

`hspace`=n

  Specify the space, in pixels, to be added to the left and right of the image.

`marginheight`=n

  Place n pixels of space above and below the frame contents.

`marginwidth`=n

  Place n pixels of space to the left and right of the frame contents.

`name`=string

  Define the name of the frame.

`noresize`

  Disable user resizing of the frame.

`scrolling`=type

  Always add scrollbars (`yes`), never add scrollbars (`no`), or add scrollbars when needed (`auto`).

`src`=url

  Define the URL of the source document for this frame.

`vspace`=n

  Specify the vertical space, in pixels, added at the top and bottom of the image.

`width`=n

  Specify the width of the frame in pixels or as a percentage of the window size.

See Chapter 4, Frames for more information on using frames.

### <img>

Insert an image into the current text flow.

#### Attributes

`alt`=text

  Provide alternative text for non-image-capable browsers.

`border`=n

  Set the pixel thickness of the border around images contained within hyperlinks.

`controls`

  IE2 and later. Add playback controls for embedded video clips.

`dynsrc`=url

  IE2 and later. Specify the URL of a video clip to be displayed.

`height`=n

  Specify the height of the image in pixels.

`hspace`=n

  Specify the space, in pixels, to be added to the left and right of the image.

`ismap`

  Indicate that the image is mouse-selectable when used within an `<a>` tag.

`loop`=value

  IE2 and later. Set the number of times to play the video; value may be an integer or the value `infinite`.

`lowsrc`=url

  N2 and later. Specify a low-resolution image to be loaded by the browser first, followed by the image specified by the `<src>` attribute.

`src`=url

  Specify the source URL of the image to be displayed (required).

`start`=start

  IE2 and later. Specify when to play the video clip, either `fileopen` or `mouseover`.

`usemap`=url

  Specify the map of coordinates and links that define the hypertext links within this image.

`vspace`=n

  Specify the vertical space, in pixels, added at the top and bottom of the image.

`width`=n

  Specify the width of the image in pixels.

### <input type=checkbox>

Create a checkbox input element within a `<form>`.

#### Attributes

`checked`

  Mark the element as initially selected.

`name`=string

  Specify the name of the parameter to be passed to the form-processing application if the input element is selected (required).

`value`=string

  Specify the value of the parameter sent to the form-processing application if this form element is selected (required).

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags, for more information on using forms.

### <input type=file>

Create a file-selection element within a `<form>`.

#### Attributes

`maxlength`=n

  Specify the maximum number of characters to accept for this element.

`name`=string

  Specify the name of the parameter that is passed to the form-processing application for this input element (required).

`size`=n

  Specify the number of characters to display for this element.

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on using forms.

### <input type=hidden>

Create a hidden element within a `<form>`.

#### Attributes

`maxlength`=n

  Specify the maximum number of characters to accept for this element.

`name`=string

  Specify the name of the parameter that is passed to the form-processing application for this input element (required).

`size`=n

  Specify the number of characters to display for this element.

`value`=string

  Specify the value of this element that is passed to the form-processing application.

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on using forms.

### <input type=image>

Create an image input element within a `<form>`.

#### Attributes

`align`=type

  Align the image to either the `top`, `middle`, or `bottom` of the form element's text.

`name`=string

  Specify the name of the parameter to be passed to the form-processing application for this input element (required).

`src`=url

  Specify the source URL of the image (required).

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on using forms.

### <input type=password>

Create a content-protected text-input element within a `<form>`.

#### Attributes

`maxlength`=n

  Specify the maximum number of characters to accept for this element.

`name`=string

  Specify the name of the parameter to be passed to the form-processing application for this input element (required).

`size`=n

  Specify the number of characters to display for this element.

`value`=string

  Specify the initial value for this element.

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on using forms.

### <input type=radio>

Create a radio-button input element within a `<form>`.

#### Attributes

`checked`

  Mark the element as initially selected.

`name`=string

  Specify the name of the parameter that is passed to the form-processing application if this input element is selected (required).

`value`=string

  Specify the value of the parameter that is passed to the form-processing application if this element is selected (required).

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on using forms.

### <input type=reset>

Create a reset button within a `<form>`.

#### Attributes

`value`=string

  Specify an alternate label for the reset button.

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on using forms.

### <input type=submit>

Create a submit button within a `<form>`.

#### Attributes

`name`=string

  Specify the name of the parameter that is passed to the form-processing application for this input element (required).

`value`=string

  Specify an alternate label for the submit button, as well as the value passed to the form-processing application for this parameter if this button is clicked.

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on using forms.

### <input type=text>

Create a text input element within a `<form>`. (This is the default input type.)

#### Attributes

`maxlength`=n

  Specify the maximum number of characters to accept for this element.

`name`=string

  Specify the name of the parameter that is passed to the form-processing application for this input element (required).

`size`=n

  Specify the number of characters to display for this element.

`value`=string

  Specify the initial value for this element.

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on using forms.

### <isindex>

Create a "searchable" HTML document.

#### Attributes

`action`=url

  IE2 and later. Provide the URL of the program that will perform the searching action.

`prompt`=string

  Provide an alternate prompt for the input field.

### <kbd>

The enclosed text is keyboard-like input.

### <li>

Delimit a list item in an ordered (`<ol>`) or unordered (`<ul>`) list.

#### Attributes

`type`=format

  Set the type of this list element to the desired format. For `<li>` within `<ol>`: `A` (capital letters), `a` (lowercase letters), `I` (capital Roman numerals), `i` (lowercase Roman numerals), or `1` (Arabic numerals; default). For `<li>` within `<ul>`: `circle`, `disc` (default), or `square`.

`value`=n

  Set the number for this list item to n.

### <link>

Define a link in the document `<head>` between this document and another document.

#### Attributes

`href`=url

  Specify the hypertext reference URL of the target document.

`methods`=list

  Specify a browser-dependent list of comma-separated display methods for this link.

`rel`=relation

  Indicate the relationship from this document to the target. For Internet Explorer 3.0, `rel=style` indicates the existence of an external style sheet.

`rev`=relation

  Indicate the reverse relationship from the target to this document.

`src`=url

  IE3 only. Specify the URL for the external style sheet to be used in formatting the document.

`title`=string

  Provide a title for the target document.

`type`=`text/css`

  IE3 only. Show type of outside link to be an external cascading style sheet.

`urn`=urn

  Provide the location-independent Uniform Resource Name for the target document.

### <listing>

Same as `<pre width=132>` ... `</pre>`; deprecated: don't use.

### <map>

Define a map containing hotspots in a client-side image map.

#### Attributes

`name`=string

  Define the name of this map (required).

### <marquee>

IE2 and later. Create a scrolling-text marquee.

#### Attributes

`align`=position

  Align the marquee to the `top`, `middle`, or `bottom` of the surrounding text.

`behavior`=style

  Define marquee style to be `scroll`, `slide`, or `alternate`.

`bgcolor`=color

  Set the background color of the marquee.

`direction`=dir

  Define the direction, `left` or `right`, the text is to scroll.

`height`=value

  Define the height, in pixels, of the marquee area.

`hspace`=value

  Define the space, in pixels, to be inserted left and right of the marquee.

`loop`=value

  Set the number of times to animate the marquee; value is an integer or `infinite`.

`scrollamount`=value

  Set the number of pixels to move the text for each scroll movement.

`scrolldelay`=value

  Specify the delay, in milliseconds, between successive movements of the marquee text.

`vspace`=value

  Define the space, in pixels, to be inserted above and below the marquee.

`width`=value

  Define the width, in pixels, of the marquee area.

### <menu>

Define a menu list containing `<li>` tags.

#### Attributes

`compact`

  Make the list more compact.

### <meta>

Provides additional information about a document.

#### Attributes

`content`=string

  Specify the value for the meta-information (required). For client pulls, `content="`n;url=url`"` tells the browser to load the specified url after n seconds. If no URL is specified, the source document will be reloaded. Must be used with `http-equiv="refresh"` within `<meta>`.

`http-equiv`=string

  Specify the HTTP equivalent name for the meta-information and cause the server to include the name and content in the HTTP header for this document when it is transmitted to the client. A value of `refresh` creates a "client-pull" within a document.

`name`=string

  Specify the name of the meta-information.

### <multicol>

N3 only. Format enclosed HTML and text in multicolumn format. Text and elements will flow across specified number of columns to give them approximately equal length.

#### Attributes

`cols`=n

  Specify number of columns (required).

`gutter`=n

  Specify amount of space in pixels between columns. Default is 10 pixels.

`width`=n

  Specify width of columns in pixels.

### <nextid>

Define the labeling start point for automatic document-generation tools.

#### Attributes

`n`=n

  Indicate the starting label number (required).

### <nobr>

No breaks allowed in the enclosed text.

### <noframes>

Define content to be presented by browsers that do not support frames.

See Chapter 4, Frames for more information on using frames.

### <noscript>

N3 only. Specify alternative content for browsers that do not support JavaScript. See Chapter 21, JavaScript Quick Reference, for more information on JavaScript.

### <object>

IE3 only. Insert an object into the document. This tag is used to specify applets, OLE controls, and other media objects.

#### Attributes

`align`=value

  Specify how the object is aligned with other elements in the document. Values include: `baseline`, `center`, `left`, `middle`, `right`, `textbottom`, `textmiddle`, and `texttop`.

`border`=n

  Set the width of the object's border if it is a hyperlink.

`classid`=url

  Identify the class identifier of the object. The URL syntax of the URL depends on the object type.

`codebase`=url

  Identify the URL of the object's codebase. The syntax of the URL depends on the object.

`codetype`=codetype

  Specify the media type of the code.

`data`=url

  Specify the URL of the data used for the object. The syntax of the URL depends on the object.

`declare`

  Declare an object without instantiating it.

`height`=n

  Specify the height of the object in pixels.

`hspace`=n

  Specify the amount of space in pixels between the sides of the object and the surrounding elements.

`name`=url

  Specify the name of the object.

`shapes`

  Indicate shaped hyperlinks in object.

`standby`=message

  Specify message to display during object loading.

`type`=type

  Specify the media type for data.

`usemap`=url

  Specify image map to use with object.

`vspace`=n

  Specify the amount of space in pixels above and below object.

`width`=n

  Specify object width.

### <ol>

Define an ordered list containing numbered (ascending) `<li>` elements.

#### Attributes

`compact`

  Present the list in a more compact manner.

`start`=n

  Start numbering the list at n, instead of 1.

`type`=format

  Set the numbering format for this list to either `A` (capital letters), `a` (lowercase letters), `I` (capital Roman numerals), `i` (lowercase Roman numerals), or `1` (Arabic numerals; default).

### <option>

Define an option within a `<select>` item in a `<form>`.

#### Attributes

`selected`

  Make this item initially selected.

`value`=string

  Return the specified value to the form-processing application instead of the `<option>` contents.

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on using forms.

### <p>

Start and end a paragraph.

#### Attributes

`align`=type

  Align the text within the paragraph to `left`, `center`, or `right`.

### <param>

Supply a parameter to the `<applet>` or `<object>` surrounding this tag.

#### Attributes

`name`=string

  Define the name of the parameter.

`value`=string

  Define the value of the parameter.

`valuetype`=type

  IE3 only. Indicate the type of value. Can be one of three types: `data` indicates that the parameter's value is data (default); `ref` indicates that the parameter's value is a URL; `object` indicates that the value is a URL of another object in the document.

`type`=type

  IE3 only. Specify the media type.

### <plaintext>

Render the remainder of the document as preformatted plain text.

### <pre>

Render the enclosed text in its original, preformatted style, honoring line breaks and spacing verbatim.

#### Attributes

`width`=n

  Size the text, if possible, so that n characters fit across the display window.

### <s>

The enclosed text is struck through with a horizontal line.

### <samp>

The enclosed text is a sample.

### <script>

Specify enclosed script in a supported scripting language to be used in the document.

#### Attributes

`language`=lang

  Identify language of the script, e.g., `JavaScript` or `VBScript`.

`src`=url

  N3 only. Specify the URL of an outside file containing the script to be loaded and run with the document.

See Chapter 21, JavaScript Quick Reference, for more information on JavaScript.

### <select>

Define a multiple-choice menu or scrolling list within a `<form>`, containing one or more `<option>` tags.

#### Attributes

`multiple`

  Allow user to select more than one `<option>` within the `<select>`.

`name`=string

  Define the name for the selected `<option>` values that, if selected, are passed to the form-processing application (required).

`size`=n

  Display items using a pulldown menu for `size=1` (without `multiple` specified) and a scrolling list of n items otherwise.

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on using forms.

### <small>

Format the enclosed text using a smaller typeface.

### <spacer>

N3 only. Insert a whitespace element in a document.

#### Attributes

`type`=type

  Specify what type of spacer to use. `vertical` inserts space between two lines of text. `horizontal` inserts space between words or characters. `block` inserts a rectangular space like an `<img>` object.

`size`=n

  Specify size in pixels for either width of `horizontal` spacer, or height of `vertical` spacer.

`width`=n

  Specify width in pixels of `block` spacer.

`height`=n

  Specify height in pixels of `block` spacer.

`align`=value

  Specify alignment of `block` spacer with surrounding text. Values are the same as for the `<img>` tag.

### <span>

IE3 only. Specify style-sheet formatting to text between tags.

#### Attributes

`style`=elements

  Specify cascading style sheet elements for text in the span.

### <strike>

The enclosed text is struck through with a horizontal line.

### <strong>

Strongly emphasize the enclosed text.

### <style>

IE3 only. Surrounds list of style elements to be used in formatting of document. The `<style>` block comes before the `<body>` tag and outside all other elements except `<html> ... </html>`.

### <sub>

Format the enclosed text as a subscript.

### <sup>

Format the enclosed text as a superscript.

### <table>

Define a table.

#### Attributes

`align`=position

  Align the table either `left` or `right` with the surrounding text flow.

`background`=url

  Specify an image to be tiled in the background of the table.

`bgcolor`=color

  N3, IE2 and later. Define the background color for the entire table.

`border`=n

  Create a border n pixels wide.

`bordercolor`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the border color for the entire table.

`bordercolordark`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the dark border-highlighting color for the entire table.

`bordercolorlight`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the light border-highlighting color for the entire table.

`cellpadding`=n

  Place n pixels of padding around each cell's contents.

`cellspacing`=n

  Place n pixels of spacing between cells.

`frame`=`[void|above|below|hsides|lhs|rhs|vsides| box|border]`

  IE3 only. Specify which sides of a table's outer border will be drawn. `void` removes outer borders. `box` and `border` display all. `hsides` draws horizontal sides, `vsides` draws vertical sides. `lhs` draws left side, `rhs` right side.

`hspace`=n

  Specify the horizontal space, in pixels, added at the left and right of the table.

`rules`=`[all|cols|groups|none|rows]`

  IE3 only. Turn off (`none`) or turn on rules between table cells by `cols`, `rows`, `groups`, or `all`.

`vspace`=n

  Specify the vertical space, in pixels, added at the top and bottom of the table.

`width`=n

  Set the width of the table to n pixels or a percentage of the window width.

See Chapter 5, Tables for more information on tables.

### <tbody>

IE2 and later. Specify the rows in a table to be grouped as the main table body. Requires no ending tag. This element is used to indicate where rules will be drawn when `rules=groups` is used in the `<table>` tag.

### <td>

Define a table data cell.

#### Attributes

`align`=type

  Align the cell contents to the `left`, `center`, or `right`.

`background`=url

  Specify an image to be tiled in the background of the cell.

`bgcolor`=color

  N3, IE2 and later. Define the background color for the cell.

`bordercolor`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the border color for the cell.

`bordercolordark`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the dark border highlighting color for the cell.

`bordercolorlight`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the light border highlighting color for the cell.

`colspan`=n

  Have this cell straddle n adjacent columns.

`nowrap`

  Do not automatically wrap and fill text in this cell.

`rowspan`=n

  Have this cell straddle n adjacent rows.

`valign`=type

  Vertically align this cell's contents to the `top`, `center`, `bottom`, or `baseline` of the cell.

`width`=n

  Set the width of this cell to n pixels or a percentage of the table width.

See Chapter 5, Tables for more information on tables.

### <textarea>

Define a multiline text input area within a `<form>`; content of the `<textarea>` tag is the initial, default value.

#### Attributes

`cols`=n

  Display n columns of text within the text area.

`name`=string

  Define the name for the text-area value that is passed to the form-processing application (required).

`rows`=n

  Display n rows of text within the text area.

`wrap`=style

  N2 and later. Set word wrapping within the text area to `off`, `virtual` (display wrap, but do not transmit to server), or `physical` (display and transmit wrap).

See Chapter 10, HTML Form Tags for more information on forms.

### <tfoot>

IE2 and later. Specify the rows that will be grouped as the table footer. Requires no ending tag. Used to indicate where rules will be drawn when `rules=groups` is set in the `<table>` tag. See Chapter 5, Tables for more on tables.

### <th>

Define a table header cell.

#### Attributes

`align`=type

  Align the cell contents to the `left`, `center`, or `right`.

`background`=url

  Specify an image to be tiled in the background of the cell.

`bgcolor`=color

  N3, IE2 and later. Define the background color for the cell.

`bordercolor`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the border color for the cell.

`bordercolordark`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the dark border-highlighting color for the cell.

`bordercolorlight`=color

  IE2 only. Define the light border-highlighting color for the cell.

`colspan`=n

  Have this cell straddle n adjacent columns.

`nowrap`

  Do not automatically wrap and fill text in this cell.

`rowspan`=n

  Have this cell straddle n adjacent rows.

`valign`=type

  Vertically align this cell's contents to the `top`, `center`, `bottom`, or `baseline` of the cell.

`width`=n

  Set the width of this cell to n pixels or a percentage of the table width.

See Chapter 5, Tables for more information on tables.

### <thead>

IE2 and later. Specifies the rows that will be grouped as the table header. Requires no ending tag. This element is used to indicate where rules will be drawn when `rules=groups` is set in the <table> tag. See Chapter 5, Tables for more information on tables.

### <title>

Define the HTML document's title.

### <tr>

Define a row of cells within a table.

#### Attributes

`align`=type

  Align the cell contents in this row to the `left`, `center`, or `right`.

`background`=url

  Specify an image to be tiled in the background of the cell.

`bgcolor`=color

  N3, IE2 and later. Define the background color for this row.

`border`=n

  Create a border n pixels wide.

`bordercolor`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the border color for this row.

`bordercolordark`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the dark border-highlighting color for this row.

`bordercolorlight`=color

  IE2 and later. Define the light border-highlighting color for this row.

`valign`=type

  Vertically align the cell contents in this row to the `top`, `center`, `bottom`, or `baseline` of the cell.

See Chapter 5, Tables for more information on tables.

### <tt>

Format the enclosed text in typewriter-style (monospaced) font.

### <ul>

Define an unordered list of bulleted `<li>` elements.

#### Attributes

`compact`

  Display the list in a more compact manner.

`type`=bullet

  N2 and later. Set the bullet style for this list to either `circle`, `disc` (default), or `square`.

### <var>

The enclosed text is a variable's name.

### <wbr>

Indicate a potential word break point within a `<nobr>` section.

### <xmp>

Same as `<pre width=80>` ... `</pre>`; deprecated, do not use.

HTML Tag Syntax |  | Frames