Index

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# E

E (constant)

Math Object
Math.E

-e file test operator : Named Unary and File Test Operators
E for exponential notation : Floating-Point Literals
/e modifier : Pattern-Matching Operators
-e operator : Graphic Counter
-e switch, perl : Switches
each function

each
Tying Hashes

echo command

Introduction
Environment Variables

echo directive (SSI) : echo
editor support for debugger : Editor Support for Debugging
effective gid (see $) variable)
effective uid (see $< variable)
efficiency (see performance)
$EGID (see $) variable)
electronic mail (see mail)

Security Holes and Security Hobbles
mailto URL for

The mailto URL
Using mailto to collect form data (...

Element object

Element
Element.blur()
Element.checked
Element.click()
Element.defaultChecked
Element.defaultValue
Element.focus()
Element.form
Element.length
Element.name
Element.onblur()
Element.onchange()
Element.onclick()
Element.onfocus()
Element.options[]
Element.select()
Element.selectedIndex
Element.type
Element.value
Element Object

elements, array (see arrays, elements of)
elements, form : Form Elements
elements[ ] property

Properties
The Form Object
Form Elements
Form.elements[]

else/elsif clauses : if

(see also if statements)

<em> tags

<em>
The <em> Tag

Emacs, debugger and : Editor Support for Debugging
email (see mail)
embed property : Document.plugins
<embed> tags

<embed>
Alternative Audio Support
The <embed> tag
The units attribute
The JavaObject Object
Working with Plug-Ins
Document.embeds[]

embedded guides : Embedded Guides
embedded images (see images and graphics)
embedded objects

Embedded Versus Referenced Content
Embedding Other Document Types
Embedded Content
The type attribute
<object> tags : (see <object> tags)

embeds[ ] property

The JavaObject Object
Working with Plug-Ins
Document.embeds[]
Properties

emphasis, tags for : (see <b> tags; <blink> tags; <dfn> tags; <em> tags; <i> tags; <strong> tags)
empty

arrays : Creating Arrays
objects : Creating New Objects with Constructors
statements : The Empty Statement
string literals

Conversions to Numbers
Conversions to booleans

EMWACS server : Other Languages Under Microsoft Windows
enablecache( ) : Benchmark--Check and Compare Runnin...
enabledPlugin property

The MimeType Object
MimeType.enabledPlugin
Properties

Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) : Digital Clock
encapsulation : Using Object Methods
encoded data

Encoded Data

encoding

Sending Data to the Server
Form.encoding
application/x-www-form-urlencoded : The application/x-www-form-urlencod...
characters (see special characters)
file-selection fields and : File selection fields
Latin-1

Escape Sequences in String Literals
String Operators

multipart/form-data : The multipart/form-data encoding
multipart/mixed : The Multipart/Mixed-Media Type
multipart/x-mixed-replace : Multipart Mixed-Replace-Media Type
text/css : Document-Level Style Sheets
text/plain : The text/plain encoding
URLs

URL Encoding
The <form> Tag

encoding property

Form.encoding
Properties

encryption

crypt
Penguin

enctype attribute

<form>

Multipart Forms
The FORM Tag
Attributes

<input>

file-selection fields and : File selection fields

(see also forms, input elements)

end of file : eof
END subrountine : Package Constructors and Destructor...
end tags, HTML : HTML Tag Syntax
__END__ token

Other literal tokens
Global Special Filehandles

EndComments statement : Digital Clock
endgrent function : getgrent
endhostent function : gethostent
ending (see terminating)
ending tags

Start and End Tags
Starting and Ending Tags
Tags Without Ends

endless loop (see infinite loops)
endprotoent function : getprotoent
endpwent function : getpwent
endservent function : getservent
endtime attribute : LiveAudio
end_time( ) : LiveAudio
English module

vars--Predeclare Global Variable Names
Awk Traps

entities

Character Entities
Special text characters
Character Entities
Special Character Encoding
Handling reserved and unsafe characters
Character Entities
JavaScript

JavaScript Entities
JavaScript Entities
JavaScript Entity Execution

entity headers, HTTP : Entity Headers
%ENV hash

Global Special Arrays
deleting from : delete

Env module : Env--Import Environment Variables
environment variables

Internal Workings of CGI
Using Environment Variables
Where Did You Come From?
Environment Variables
Global Special Arrays
accessing

How can I access my environment var...
Programming in CGI

browser : Still More Features
CGI : CGI Environment Variables
importing : Env--Import Environment Variables
Perl : Environment Variables
PERL5DB : Debugger Customization
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL : A Note on Garbage Collection
PWD : Cwd--Get Pathname of Current Workin...
setting : Server Simulation
SSI and : SSI Environment Variables
using dynamically (see SSI)

eof function

eof
Time Efficiency

EOL character : Multipart Forms
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) : Digital Clock
eq operator : Universal Blunders
equal sign (=)

assignment operator

Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators
Assignment Operators
The assign() Method
Previous Perl Traps

combined with operations : Assignment with Operation
copy constructor : Copy constructor
debugger command : Debugger Commands
defining tag attributes : The Syntax of a Tag
== (equal to) operator

Equality Operators
Universal Blunders
Equality (==)

=> (corresponds to) operator

Comma Operators
with key/value pairs : Hashes (Associative Arrays)
with named parameters : Hashes (Associative Arrays)

=~ (binding) operator : Binding Operators

equality operators : Equality Operators
erasing (see deleting)
$ERRNO (see $! variable)
error messages

Carp--Generate Error Messages
User Efficiency
Programming with Style
Diagnostic Messages
customizing : Tailoring SSI Output

errors

Diagnostic Messages
event handlers for : (see onerror( ); onError attribute)
failing gracefully

Fail Gracefully
Failing Gracefully the Hard Way

handling permissions for processes : IPC::Open3--Open a Process for Read...
server, HTTP codes for : Server Errors
$@ variable for : Global Special Variables
$! variable for : Global Special Variables
$? variable for : Global Special Variables
(see also debugging CGI programs)

escape sequences

Escape Sequences in String Literals
escape()
unescape()
control characters : String literals

escape( )

escape( ) Function
unescape( ) Function
Reading Cookies
escape()

escapes (see character entities; encoding URLs)
ETag header : ETag
/etc directory

/etc/group file

getgrent
Time Efficiency

/etc/hosts file : gethostent
/etc/networks file : getnetent
/etc/passwd file

getpwent
Time Efficiency

/etc/services file : getservent
/etc/utmp file : getlogin

$EUID (see $>)
eval command : Is it true that /$user_variable/ is...
eval function

eval
References and Nested Data Structures
Time Efficiency
die function and : die
loops and : Time Efficiency
translating with variables : Pattern-Matching Operators

eval( )

eval( ) Function
Methods
eval()
Core Language Changes
Miscellaneous Differences
Converting Strings to Numbers
The JSObject Class
Data Conversion
eval()
for JSObject object : JSObject.eval()
for Object object : Object.eval()

evaluating expressions : Expressions
$EVAL_ERROR (see $@ variable)
event attribute

Event Handlers in <SCRIPT> Tags
Scripts

events

Interact with the User
Functions
Event Handlers
and button/checkbox order : Backward radio and checkbox arrays
case sensitivity : Case Sensitivity
execution order of : Event Handlers
images and : Image Event Handlers
JavaScript

Executable Content: JavaScript in a...
JavaScript and Events
JavaScript Overview
Client-Side JavaScript Examples
JavaScript Event Handlers
<a> tag and : The onClick, onMouseOver, and OnMou...
<area> tag and : The onMouseOver and OnMouseOut attr...
<form> tag and : The onsubmit and onreset attributes
frames and : Frames and JavaScript
<img> tag and : The name, onAbort, onError, and onL...
<input> tag and : Form <input> Event H...
<select> tag with : Form <select> event ...
<textarea> tags and : Form <textarea> Even...

javascript: protocol specifier : JavaScript in URLs
keystrokes and : Dynamic HTML
onAbort( ) : (see onAbort( ))
onBlur( ) : (see onBlur( ))
onChange( ) : (see onChange( ))
onClick( ) : (see onClick( ))
onError( ) : (see onError( ))
onFocus( ) : (see onFocus( ))
onLoad( ) : (see onLoad( ))
onMouseOut( ) : (see onMouseOut( ))
onMouseOver( ) : (see onMouseOver( ))
onReset( ) : (see onReset( ))
onSubmit( ) : (see onSubmit( ))
onUnload( ) : (see onUnload( ))
in regenerated documents : Event handlers in regenerated documents
scope of : Scope of event handlers

examples

Examples and Links for Further Expl...
Examples

exceptions, die function for : die
exclamation point (see !)
exclusive OR operator

Bitwise Xor (^)
Bitwise Operators
Logical and, or, not, and xor
Awk Traps

exec directive (SSI)

Introduction
exec
exec cgi directive

Executing CGI Programs
Counting Days Until . . .

exec cmd directive : Executing External Programs

Exec feature (SSI) : Configuring the Apache and NCSA Ser...
exec function : exec
ExecCGI option : Configuration
executable applications

Applets
The type and valuetype attributes

$EXECUTABLE_NAME (see $^X variable)
executing

external programs : Configuration
methods : Method Invocation
other programs from Perl : system
Perl program

How to Do It
Cooperating with Command Interpreters

execv function (in C) : exec
execvp function (in C) : exec
existence, testing for : Event Handlers
exists function

exists
Tying Hashes

exit function

exit
fork

exit statement (awk) : a2p
exiting

diagnostics module : diagnostics--Force Verbose Warning ...
infinite loops : For loops
loops with break : break

exp( )

Math Object
Math.exp()
exp

expansion, filename : glob
expiration (see lifetime)
expires attribute (cookies) : The Set-Cookie Response Header
Expires header

CGI and Response Headers
The "Expires" and "Pragma" Headers
Expires

expiring cookies : Cookie Server
Explorer (see Internet Explorer)
exponents

Floating-Point Literals
Math Object

exponentiation (**) operator

Exponentiation
Awk Traps

Exporter module : Exporter--Default Import Method for...
exporting data (see data-tainting security model)
expr command (debugger) : Debugger Commands
expressions

Expression Statements
Expressions

extending arrays : List Values and Arrays
extensions

HTML

HTML Standards and Extensions
Nonstandard Extensions
Beyond Extensions: Exploiting Bugs

Perl

installing : ExtUtils::Install--Install Files fr...
Makefiles for : ExtUtils::MakeMaker--Create a Makef...

external programs, executing

Configuration
Executing External Programs

external style sheets

External Style Sheets
Limitations of Current Browsers
The pros and cons of external styles
External, document-level, and inline JSS

Extra Headers section, CGI data file : The Extra Headers Section
extra path information

Extra Path Information
Extra Path Information
Hidden Fields

extracting substrings : substr
ExtUtils::Install module : ExtUtils::Install--Install Files fr...
ExtUtils::Liblist module : ExtUtils::Liblist--Determine Librar...
ExtUtils::MakeMaker module : ExtUtils::MakeMaker--Create a Makef...
ExtUtils::Manifest module : ExtUtils::Manifest--Utilities to Wr...
ExtUtils::Miniperl module : ExtUtils::Miniperl--Write the C Cod...
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap module : ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap--Make a Boots...
ExtUtils::Mksymlists module : ExtUtils::Mksymlists--Write Linker ...
ExtUtils::MM_OS2 module : ExtUtils::MM_OS2--Methods to Overri...
ExtUtils::MM_Unix module : ExtUtils::MM_Unix--Methods Used by ...
ExtUtils::MM_VMS module : ExtUtils::MM_VMS--Methods to Overri...

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