Index

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# Index: P

packed file extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions
page faults
  number of : 39.3. The csh time variable
PAGER environment variable : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
pagers
  advantages : 46.1.1. Use -xv
  piping : 1.4. Using Pipes to Create a New Tool
  piping debugging output to : 46.1.1. Use -xv
  piping to : 13.4. Problems Piping to a Pager
pages
  rearranging in PostScript files : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
  resizing in PostScript files : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
paging : 39.12.2. The Memory Subsystem
paging through files
  25.3. Using more to Page Through Files
  25.5. Page Through Compressed, RCS, Unprintable Files
paircheck script
  29.9. Looking for Closure
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
paired item checking : 29.9. Looking for Closure
panic message : 1.14. The Kernel and Daemons
parameter substitution
  : (colon) used in : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator
  : used in : 45.12. Parameter Substitution
  in Bourne shells : 45.9. The Unappreciated Bourne Shell ":" Operator
  examples : 45.12. Parameter Substitution
  in Bourne shells : 45.12. Parameter Substitution
parameters, command-line : (see command-line parameters)
parent directory : 1.21. Making Pathnames
parent's PID : 38.5. The ps Command
parent-child relationships
  environment variables and : 6.2. Parent-Child Relationships
parentheses : (see ())
  commands printed in : 38.7. Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses
parentheses ()
  grouping expressions using : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays
parity : 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?)
parsing
  in C shell
    47.2.2.3. Stupid Parsing Bugs
    47.2.6. Expression Evaluation
  character strings : 45.30. Grabbing Parts of a String
  command-line arguments
    44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing
    44.19. The Bourne Shell set Command
  examples : 47.2.2.3. Stupid Parsing Bugs
  output of getopt : 44.18. Standard Command-Line Parsing
  sed command used for : 45.30.4. Using sed
  set command used for : 45.30.3. Using set
parsing strings : 35.21. Using IFS to Split Strings
passwd command : 9.26.2. Automating /bin/passwd
passwd file : 1.23. File Access Permissions
passwords
  root
    1.23. File Access Permissions
    1.24. The Superuser (Root)
paste command : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
paste pforgram : 35.18. Pasting Things in Columns
patch command : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
patch program
  28.3. Context diffs
  33.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One
  33.9. patch: Generalized Updating of Files that Differ
  52.8.1.1. Missing Programs
  (see also diff command)
patches
  compiling the pcal package : 52.8.2.5. Applying Patches
PATH enviroment variable : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
PATH environment variable
  4.10. Find All Command Versions with whereiz
  6.4. The PATH Environment Variable
  9.7. String Editing in ksh and bash
  in C shell : 47.2.5. Variable Syntax
  finding commands : 6.1. What Environment Variables Are Good For
  identifying UNIX version : 50.8. Which Version Am I Using?
  in shell setup files : 8.7.1. Setting Path in Shell Setup Files
PATH setting
  example : 1.10. Internal and External Commands
path shell variable
  6.5. PATH and path
  6.9. Special C Shell Variables
  as array : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays
pathchk program : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
pathname
  editing : 7.4. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-Ins
pathnames
  absolute
    2.6. Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files
    2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell
    archiving with : 19.6. GNU tar Sampler
  creating : 1.21. Making Pathnames
  for current directory : 14.13. Which Directory Am I in, Really?
  finding : 4.10. Find All Command Versions with whereiz
  in uppercase : 52.5.3.4. Installing a Single Program
  links and : 18.6. Stale Symbolic Links
  parsing directory name from : 16.17. Getting Directory Name from a File's Pathname
  relative : 2.6. Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files
  relative vs. absolute : 14.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames
  stripped from filenames : 45.18.1. Introduction to basename and dirname
  symbols in : 44.15.1. With the $@"
  on tape drives : 20.4.1. Restoring a Few Files
  tar archives and : 20.8.2. Type Pathnames Exactly
  tar command and : 20.10. Avoid Absolute Paths with tar
  wildcards and : 15.1. File Naming Wildcards
  wildcards in : 15.6. Maybe You Shouldn't Use Wildcards in Pathnames
pattern matching
  21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename
  (see also regular expressions; special characters; wildcards)
  character sets : 26.4.2. Matching a Character with a Character Set
  egrep script for : 27.7. grepping for a List of Patterns
  by exclusion : 26.4.5. Exceptions in a Character Set
  in case statements : 44.6. Pattern Matching in case Statements
  limiting extent of match : 26.7. Limiting the Extent of a Match
  metacharacter examples : 26.8. I Never Meta Character I Didn't Like
  quick reference : 26.10. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples
  replacement patterns
    26.4.11. Extended Regular Expressions
    26.10. Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples
  wildcards : 44.6. Pattern Matching in case Statements
patterns
  awk utility : 33.11.2. Patterns and Procedures
  ex editor
    30.9. Using Search Patterns and Global Commands
    30.14. Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns
  vi editor
    30.9. Using Search Patterns and Global Commands
    30.14. Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns
  vi editor and : 30.27. vi Compound Searches
Patterson, Dave : 11.14.1. In the C Shell: redo
pbm (portable bitmap) format
  defined : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package
  manipulating : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package
PC text files : 35.11. Hacking on Characters with tr
pcal program
  48.9. PostScript Calendars with pcal
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
  52.8.2.1. Copying the Sources
  calen program versus : 48.8. Calendar for 132-Column Terminals or Printers
per-process transfer rate : 39.12.3. The I/O Subsystem
per-shell files
  reading : 40.4. Choosing the Shell Run (We Hope) by at
percent sign : (see %)
performance
  csh (C shell) : 2.9. Speeding Up Your C Shell with set prompt Test
  dd command an remote tape drives : 20.6. Writing a Tape Drive on a Remote Machine
  factors affecting : 39.5. Why Is the System So Slow?
  grep commands
    27.6. Fast grep Isn't
    27.9. New greps Are Much Faster
  ksh and bash shells : 2.11. Faster ksh and bash Startup with $- Test
  logins : 2.5. Tips for Speeding up Slow Logins
  users and : 39.12.4. User Communities
period : (see .)
period (.)
  regular expression metacharacter : 26.3. Understanding Expressions
periodic execution
  scheduling programs for : 40.12. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility
Perl : 37.1. What We Do and Don't Tell You About Perl
  advantages : 37.2. Why Learn Perl? #1
perl
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
  52.8.1.1. Missing Programs
  customizing grep with : 27.12. Make Custom grep Commands (etc.) with perl
perl language
  finding text files : 16.26. Finding Text Files with findtext
permissions : 1.23. File Access Permissions
  access modes : 4.8. Making Directories Made Easier
  changing : 44.2. Writing a Simple Shell Program
  copying with cpmod utility : 22.16. Copying Permissions with cpmod
  directory
    1.25. Access to Directories
    22.2. Tutorial on File and Directory Permissions
  file
    14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
    22.7. Using chmod to Change File Permission
  group : (see groups)
  managing : 22.15. Juggling Permissions
  modifying files without write access : 22.11. A Loophole: Modifying Files Without Write Access
  scripts and : 22.19. Shell Scripts Must be Readable and (Usually) Executable
  scripts for changing : 22.10. cx, cw, c-w: Quick File Permission Changes
  set incorrectly : 8.1. What the Shell Does
  setgid bit and : 22.5. Group Permissions in a Directory with the setgid Bit
  sticky bit : 22.6. Protecting Files with the Sticky Bit
  umask command and
    14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
    22.2.1. User, Group, and World
    22.4. Setting an Exact umask
permissions, file
  21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename
  (see also encryption; groups)
  (see also
  searching by
    17.10. Running Commands on What You Find
    17.15. Searching for Files by Permission
personal crontab files : 40.5. Avoiding Other at and cron Jobs
personal files/directories
  4.5. Private (Personal) Directories
  4.7. Make More Directories!
personal wordlist, ispell program : 29.5. Adding Words to ispell's Dictionary
pgm (graymap) format
  defined : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package
  manipulating : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package
phone
  on PowerTools disk : 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists
phone lists, creating : 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists
phone script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
physical memory
  running out of
    39.5. Why Is the System So Slow?
    39.12.2. The Memory Subsystem
pick script
  38.13. Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
PID (process ID) : 38.16. Why You Can't Kill a Zombie
pipe : (see | (vertical bar))
pipegrep script
  27.13. More grep-like Programs Written in Perl
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
pipelines
  44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes
  (see also | (vertical bar))
  in Bourne shell : 47.2.1.4. More Elaborate Combinations
  in C shell : 47.2.1.4. More Elaborate Combinations
  exit status of : 44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes
  starting with cat command : 1.4. Using Pipes to Create a New Tool
pipes
  1.3. Programs Are Designed to Work Together
  1.30. Redirecting Input and Output
  commands joined with : 44.2. Writing a Simple Shell Program
  creatig new tools : 1.4. Using Pipes to Create a New Tool
  to pagers : 13.4. Problems Piping to a Pager
  ps command in : 38.5. The ps Command
  redirecting input/output : 13.1. Using Standard Input and Output
pnm graphic format : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package
  manipulating : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package
popd command
  7.11. dirs in Your Prompt: Better than $cwd
  14.6. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands
  14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
port settings
  problems with : 42.4. Checklist for Resetting a Messed Up Terminal
PostScript files
  forming signatures : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
  multiple pages per sheet : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
  psbook program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
  psnup program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
  pstops program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
  rearranging pages : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
  selected pages : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
PostScript files:converting : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
PostScript files:fit to bounding box
  10n : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
PostScript files:merging : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
PostScript files:printing pages from : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
PostScript files:rearranging pages in
  10n : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
PostScript files:rearranging resources in : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
PostScript files:resizing pages in
  10n : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
PostScript files:utilities for working with : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
  Other PostScript Utilities : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
PostScript format documentation : 52.5.3.4. Installing a Single Program
PostScript source file extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions
pound sign : (see #)
power tools
  data-independent : 1.3. Programs Are Designed to Work Together
  for editing : 1.6. Power Tools for Editing
Power Tools CD-ROM : 52.1. Introduction
ppm (pixmap) format : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package
ppm (pixmap) format, manipulating : 43.25. The Portable Bitmap Package
pr -t -e command : 41.4.1. TAB Is Just Another Character to UNIX
pr command
  35.17. Making Text in Columns with pr
  43.7. Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing
  43.10. Filename Headers Above Files Without pr
  -n option : 25.21. Numbering Lines
  -t option : 25.21. Numbering Lines
pre-compiled binaries : 52.5.3. Installing Pre-Compiled Binaries
predefined environment variables : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
print command (awk) : 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
printenv command
  6.1. What Environment Variables Are Good For
  6.8. Shell Variables
  14.10. Variables Help You Find Directories and Files
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
PRINTER environment variable : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
printf command : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
printf command (awk) : 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
printf utility : 8.6.1. Portability
printf() format conversions : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
printing
  21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename
  (see also typesettting)
  banner command : 43.11. Big Letters: banner
  banners : 43.11. Big Letters: banner
  Berkeley commands for : 43.2.2. Berkeley Printing Commands
  breaking long lines : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold
  checking job status : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc
  enscript program : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript
  filename headers : 43.10. Filename Headers Above Files Without pr
  files : 9.5. Build Strings with { }
  fold command : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold
  folding lines : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold
  formatting output : 43.7. Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing
  from sc program
    49.8. It's Great to Have a Spreadsheet
    49.9. Business Graphics with ipl
  graphics
    49.9. Business Graphics with ipl
    (see graphics)
  help for : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc
  indents
    43.7. Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing
    43.9. Indenting Text for Printing
  lp spooler, defined : 43.1. Introduction to Printing
  lpc controls : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc
  lpr spooler, defined : 43.1. Introduction to Printing
  macro files for : 43.15. From a Source File to the Printer
  margins : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold
  page breaks : 43.7. Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing
  PostScript files : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
    defined : 43.1. Introduction to Printing
    forming signatures : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
    multiple pages per sheet : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
    ps book program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
    psnup program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
    pstops program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
    rearranging pages : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
    selected pages : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
  pr command : 43.10. Filename Headers Above Files Without pr
  pr commands : 43.7. Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing
  preprocessors : 43.15. From a Source File to the Printer
  printer destination : 43.4. Using Different Printers
  processing path : 43.15. From a Source File to the Printer
  psselect program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
  pstext program : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript
  quitting : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc
  restarting printers : 43.3. Printer Control with lpc
  self-printing scripts : 45.4. Fun with #!
  SPOOL (Simultaneous Printing Off and On Line) : 43.1. Introduction to Printing
  spooling system : 43.1. Introduction to Printing
    symbolic links : 43.5. Using Symbolic Links for Spooling
  suppressing blank lines : 43.10. Filename Headers Above Files Without pr
  System V commands for : 43.2.1. System V Printing Commands
  text files as PostScript : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript
  to terminal printer : 43.6. Printing to a Terminal Printer
  wrapping lines : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold
priocntl command : 39.9. Know When to Be "nice" to OTher Users...and When
priority
  defined in UNIX : 39.9. Know When to Be "nice" to OTher Users...and When
private files/directories
  4.5. Private (Personal) Directories
  4.7. Make More Directories!
process groups : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
process ID (PID)
  38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
  38.16. Why You Can't Kill a Zombie
process ID number
  examples : 44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts
process IDs (PIDs) : 16.16. Picking a Unique Filename Automatically
process substitution : 9.18. Process Substitution
processes
  38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
  (see also child processes)
  actions caused by signals : 38.8. What Are Signals?
  automatically killing background : 38.17. Automatically Kill Background Processes on Logout in csh
  changing the priority of : 39.11. Changing a Job's Priority Under BSD UNIX
  cleaning up unkillable : 38.15. Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process
  destroying with kill : 38.10. Destroying Processes with kill
  displaying all on the system : 38.13. Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern
  exit status returned by : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
  in the foreground : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
  interactively killing those matching a pattern : 38.13. Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern
  killing : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
  killing all : 38.12. Killing All Your Processes
  managing : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
  modifying the scheduling priority of time-sharing : 39.9. Know When to Be "nice" to OTher Users...and When
  reducing priority of CPU-bound : 39.9. Know When to Be "nice" to OTher Users...and When
  running in the background : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
  stopping : 38.14. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them
processes, spawning : 38.2. fork and exec
.profile file
  2.2.1. Bourne Shell
  2.2.3. Korn Shell
  2.8. Identifying Login Shells
  2.12. Automatic Setups for Different Terminals
  hung terminal and : 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In
  prompt settings : 7.12. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables
  stty commands in : 5.9. Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters
program environment
  modifying : 44.23. Reading Files with the . and source Commands
program names
  error messages including : 44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names
  links to
    44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names
    45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program
  multiple : 45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program
program's total running time
  components contributing to : 39.5. Why Is the System So Slow?
programmers, virtues of : 37.3. Three Great Virtues of a Programmer
programs
  aborting : 42.2.5. Aborting Programs
  awf : 43.17. Don't Have nroff? Try gnroff or awf
  ditroff : 43.13. The Text Formatters nroff, troff, ditroff, ...
  enscript : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript
  gnroff : 43.17. Don't Have nroff? Try gnroff or awf
  groff : 43.16. groff
  links to : 45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program
  look : 27.18. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"
  making executable by using # : 45.4. Fun with #!
  nroff : 43.13. The Text Formatters nroff, troff, ditroff, ...
    macros : 43.14. nroff/troff and Macro Packages
  psbook : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
  psnup : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
  psselect : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
  pstops : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
  scheduling for periodic execution : 40.12. Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility
  Scribe : 43.12.3. Scribe
  TeX : 43.12.2. TeX
  time spent running other : 39.5. Why Is the System So Slow?
  timing : 39.2. Timing Programs
  waiting for input : 42.2.3. Program Waiting for Input?
  WYSIWYG programs : 43.12.3. Scribe
programs pstext : 43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript
programs, timing : 39.2. Timing Programs
prompt character
  customizing : 1.9. Which Shell Am I Running?
  identifying shell : 44.3.5. Bourne Shell Used Here
prompt shell variable
  6.9. Special C Shell Variables
  7.2. Basics of Setting the Prompt
PROMPT_COMMAND variable : 7.13. Pre-Prompt Commands in bash
promptpid variable : 7.12. External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables
prompts
  backspacing over : 41.5. Why Some Systems Backspace over Prompts
  shell prompts : 7.1. Why Change Your Prompt?
ps : 39.12.2. The Memory Subsystem
  reporting of network statistics : 39.12.3. The I/O Subsystem
ps -ag command : 38.13. Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern
ps -aux command (BSD UNIX) : 38.5. The ps Command
ps -ef command (System V)
  listing produced by : 38.5. The ps Command
ps command
  2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell
  38.5. The ps Command
  AIX version of : 38.5. The ps Command
  displaying programs : 42.2.5. Aborting Programs
  example : 1.14. The Kernel and Daemons
  in pipes : 38.5. The ps Command
  listing of command output fields : 38.5. The ps Command
ps commands
  printing commands in parentheses : 38.7. Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses
.ps filename extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions
PS1 environment variable
  6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
  6.9. Special C Shell Variables
  7.2. Basics of Setting the Prompt
PS2 environment variable
  6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
  6.9. Special C Shell Variables
psbook program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
pseudo teletypes (ptys) : 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?)
pseudo-terminal : 38.6. The Controlling Terminal
pseudo-terminals (ptys) : 41.8. ptys and Window Systems
psmerge program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
psnup program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
psresize program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
psselect program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
pstat : 39.12.2. The Memory Subsystem
pstext program
  43.22. Converting Text Files to PostScript
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
pstops program : 43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
PSUtils
  43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
  43.24. Other PostScript Utilities
psutils : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
psychoanalyze-pinhead command : 32.13. An Absurd Amusement
pty : 38.6. The Controlling Terminal
ptys (pseudo teletypes) : 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?)
ptys (pseudo-terminals) : 41.8. ptys and Window Systems
ptys command : 41.1. Delving a Little Deeper
punctuation in filenames : 1.15. Filenames
purge program : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
pushd comman : 7.11. dirs in Your Prompt: Better than $cwd
pushd command : 14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
  aliases for : 14.7. Nice Aliases for pushd
pushd commannd : 7.11. dirs in Your Prompt: Better than $cwd
pushd comnmand : 14.6. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands
pushin script
  25.13. pushin: Squeeze Out Extra White Space
  52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
pwd command
  7.4. Faster Prompt Setting with Built-Ins
  14.4. How Does UNIX Find Your Current Directory?
PWD environment variable : 6.3. Predefined Environment Variables
  Emacs and : 32.9. Unset PWD Before Using Emacs

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