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| In Spanish, directing a request or order requires a special form called mandatos or commands. There are two categories: the polite (formal) and the familiar (informal). The rules follow: | ||||
| -AR verbs: drop the final -o of the yo form of the present indicative; add -e for the Ud. form and -en for the Uds. form. | ||||
| HABLAR | hablo | hable Ud. | hablen Uds. | SPEAK |
| CERRAR | cierro | cierre Ud. | cierren Uds. | CLOSE |
| Note: Verbs ending in -gar, -car, and -zar have slightly altered endings. | ||||
| gar = gue, guen | ||||
| car = que, quen | ||||
| zar = ce, cen | ||||
| -ER and -IR verbs: drop the final -o of the yo form of the present indicative; add -a for the Ud. form and -an for the Uds. form. | ||||
| ESCRIBIR | escribo | escriba Ud. | escriban Uds. | WRITE |
| HACER | hago | haga Ud. | hagan Uds. | MAKE |
| Exceptions: | ||||
| Dar: dé, den | Estar: esté, estén | Ir: vaya, vayan | Saber: sepa, sepan | Ser: sea, sean |
Tú positivo |
|||
| -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs: drop the -s of the tú form of the present indicative. | |||
| HABLAR: hablas - s = habla | |||
| CERRAR: cierras - s = cierra | |||
| ESCRIBIR: escribes - s = escribe | |||
| Exceptions: | Decir - di | Hacer - haz | Ir - ve |
| Poner - pon | Salir - sal | Ser - sé | |
| Tener - ten | Valer - val | Venir - ven | |
Tú negativo |
|||
| -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs: add an -s of formal (Ud.) command form. | |||
| HABLAR: no hable + s = hables | |||
| CERRAR: no cierre + s = cierres | |||
| ESCRIBIR: no escriba + s = escribas | |||
| Exceptions: | Dar- des | Estar - estés | Ir - vayas |
| Saber - sepas | Ser - seas | ||
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