Cinematic Spectacle and the Genre Film


Comparative Literature 41 E: Forms of the Cinema
Fall 1998 and Spring 2000

Instructor: Despina Kakoudaki
This class was taught as a Freshman Seminar, aiming to introduce students to the principles of film study and film criticism. It combines silent, classic and popular films, and emphasizes what we learn when we see films from different periods, genres or traditions together.

Course Description
Semester Schedule
Handouts



Course Description

Cinematic Spectacle and the Genre Film


In this class we will explore how film assaults or alters human vision through the self-conscious representation of the spectacular. We will focus on the moments that make us notice film as a medium for astonishment: extravagant visual detail, impossibly closed or open spaces, running crowds, helicopter/car/rocket/motorcycle chases, fantastic human or non-human bodies, super-fast whirling dance or martial arts sequences, hallucinatory colors, impossible filming techniques, or impossible narratives. We will formulate a theoretical background for the many different kinds of techniques for spectacle, trace their historical developments, and discuss contemporary theories of film art and spectatorship. In order to enable a historical and theoretical understanding of spectacle, each week we will focus on two films which explore similar formal experiments but in different genres. How do the formal "codes" change when they are transposed from a classic Hollywood melodrama to an action film? Since genre difference is considered primary in most film criticism, we will study the specific formal makeup of a variety of genres, but at the same time attempt an integrative theory of the spectacular moment.


Our discussion will include both "popular" and "classic" films from the early twentieth century to the present. In "Part One: Definitions and Some Film History" we will reverse the usual order of film study by formulating a vocabulary of the spectacular through experimental films. In "Part Two: What is Spectacle? History, the Future, and Space" we will focus on the representation of the "large scale" movie spectacles that often participate in political propaganda: historical epics and science fiction, for example, both traffic in the cultural myths we create about the past and about the future. "Part Three: Motion, Emotion and Visible Bodies" will focus on the popular genres of melodrama, action film, suspense thriller, and musical, as carriers of the main methods of astonishment: representing the extreme in pain, speed, fear and movement. Finally, in "Part Four: Postmodern Themes," we will look at recent versions of the spectacular moment in relation to gender, race, sexuality and class.


I expect that we will be able to view and discuss two feature films each week, and possibly some shorter experimental material. Students do not need a formal background in film theory or the history of film. There will be three short response papers (2 pages), each on a different aspect of film criticism; one midterm paper (5-7 pages); one creative project or group presentation; and a final analytical paper (6-8 pages). 






Semester Schedule

Cinematic Spectacle and the Genre Film


Week-by-Week Schedule and Film List

Part One: Definitions and Some Film History

1. Introduction: Seeing/ Cinema/ Persistence of Vision
   
       Un Chien Andalou (1929)  Luis Bunuel and Salvador Dali
       Blow-up (1966)     Michelangelo Antonioni 

2. Introduction to Film Terms: Frames, Angles and Continuity (short films)

       Fantasia (1940)     Walt Disney   
       La Jetee (1962)     Chris Marker    
       The Man With A Movie Camera (1928) Dziga Vertov   
       Dog Star Man (1961-64)   Stan Brakhage         

3. The Experience of Complex Narrative
     
       Modern Times (1936)   Charles Chaplin  
       Last Year at Marienbad (1961)  Alain Resnais   


Part Two: What is Spectacle?  History, the Future, and Space

4. Spectacles of History: The Cast of Millions, The Set, The Epic  

       Intolerance (1916)   D.W. Griffith   
       Spartacus (1960)    Stanley Kubrick  

5. Controlled Vision: Politics and Propaganda
    
       Triumph of the Will (1935)   Leni Riefenstahl  
       The Manchurian Candidate (1962) John Frankenheimer  

6. Spectacles of History II: From Modern to Postmodern Histories  

       Citizen Kane (1941)   Orson Welles   
       Fellini Satyricon (1970)   Federico Fellini  

7. The Future as Spectacle: Experiencing Difference   

       Things to Come (1936)   William Cameron Menzies 
       Metropolis (1926)    Fritz Lang   

8. The Future as Spectacle II: Experiencing Space and Speed  

       2001 (1968)    Stanley Kubrick  
       Mad Max (1979)    George Miller   


Part Three: Motion, Emotion and Visible Bodies


9. Versions of Melodrama: Seeing Virtue     

       Way Down East (1920)   D.W. Griffith   
       Gone With the Wind (1939)  Victor Fleming   
      
10. Bodies in Action: Seeing Gender in the Action Film    

       Enter The Dragon (1973)   Robert Clouse   
       Strange Days (1995)   Kathryn Bigelow  

11.  Wide Eyes and Claustrophobic Narration    

       Diabolique (1955)    Henri-Georges Clouzot 
       Psycho (1960)    Alfred Hitchcock  

12. The Musical as Metanarrative: Motion Pictures    

       Top Hat (1935)    Mark Sandrich   
       Singin' In The Rain (1952)  Gene Kelly   


Part Four: Postmodern Themes

13. Revisiting History, Revising Myths     

       Brazil (1985)    Terry Gilliam   
       The Piano (1993)    Jane Campion   


14. "Passing" - "Making It" - "To Be Real": The Self as Spectacle  

       Saturday Night Fever (1977)  John Badham   
       Zoot Suit (1981)    Luis Valdez   
       Paris is Burning (1990)   Jennie Livingston  

15. The Non-Human Factor: Special Effects and New Technologies of Spectacle

       Alien (1979)    Ridley Scott   
       Jurassic Park (1993)   Steven Spielberg  



Textbooks

David Bordwell and Kristen Thompson, Film Art
Guy Debord, Society of the Spectacle
Linda Williams ed, Viewing Positions
Yvonne Tasker, Spectacular Bodies    (recommended)
Gerald Mast, A Short History of the Movies   (recommended)

See Handouts for this class
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