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Months - Birthstones and Meanings and Flowers
10/09/99
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Birthstones originated in Jerusalem, where 12 gems decorating the castle wall were divided into the 12 months. However, due to racial and regional differences, birthstones have changed from country  to country. In the 18th century, 12 major categories were created, including the Jewish, Roman, Arabian, Hindu, Polish, and Russian categories. Later, in the 20th century, the original local birthstones were further divided into an American and European system. 
I have tried to list as many categories of birthstones that I can. I have also tried to list any of the flowers and meanings that I have been able to find in my research.
 
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
 
Stone
Flower
Meaning
January Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Garnet
     Traditional Birthstone - Garnet 
     Mystical Birthstone - Emerald
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Garnet 
     Other Birthstone - Rose Quartz

January Star Sign Stones
     Capricorn (Dec. 22-Jan. 19) 
          Birthstone: Ruby, Agate, Garnet
          Planetary Stone: Lapis Lazuli
          Lucky Charms: Ruby

     Aquarius (Jan. 20-Feb. 18) 
          Birthstone: Garnet, Moss Agate, Opal, Amethyst
          Planetary Stone: Turquoise
          Lucky Charms: Garnet, Hyacinth

Carnation or Snowdrop
Consistency, perseverance, good health
February Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Amethyst 
     Traditional Birthstone - Amethyst 
     Mystical Birthstone - Bloodstone 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Amethyst 
     Other Birthstone - Onyx, Moonstone

February Star Sign Stones
     Aquarius (Jan. 20-Feb. 18) 
          Birthstone: Garnet, Moss Agate, Opal, Amethyst
          Planetary Stone: Turquoise
          Lucky Charms: Garnet, Hyacinth
     Pisces (Feb. 19-Mar. 20) 
          Birthstone: Rock Crystal, Sapphire, Amethyst, Bloodstone
          Planetary Stone: Aquamarine
          Lucky Charms: Amethyst

Violet, Begonia or Primrose
Sincerety, security, peace of mind
March Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Aquamarine 
     Traditional Birthstone - Bloodstone
     Mystical Birthstone - Jade 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Bloodstone 
     Other Birthstone - Rock Crystal

March Star Sign Stones
     Pisces (Feb. 19-Mar. 20) 
          Birthstone: Rock Crystal, Sapphire, Amethyst, Bloodstone 
          Planetary Stone: Aquamarine 
          Lucky Charms: Amethyst 

     Aries (Mar. 21-Apr. 19) 
          Birthstone: Bloodstone, Diamond 
          Planetary Stone: Jasper 
          Lucky Charms: Bloodstone, Jasper, Diamond 

Jonquil, Daffodil or Chrysanthemum
Beauty, honesty, loyalty
April Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Diamond 
     Traditional Birthstone - Diamond 
     Mystical Birthstone - Opal 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Diamond 
     Other - Quartz, White Sapphire 

April Star stones
     Star Sign: Aries (Mar. 21-Apr. 19) 
          Birthstone: Bloodstone, Diamond 
          Planetary Stone: Jasper 
          Lucky Charms: Bloodstone, Jasper, Diamond 
     Taurus (Apr. 20-May 20) 
          Birthstone: Sapphire, Turquoise, Amber, Blood Coral, Emerald 
          Planetary Stone: Emerald, Aventurine 
          Lucky Charms: Sapphire, Diamond 

Sweet Pea, Daisy or Freshia
Purity, invincibility, good fortune, Innocence
May Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Emerald 
     Traditional Birthstone - Emerald 
     Mystical Birthstone - Sapphire 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Agate 
     Other Birthstone - Chrysoprase, Beryl 

May Star Sign Stones
     Taurus (Apr. 20-May 20) 
          Birthstone: Sapphire, Turquoise, Amber, Blood Coral, Emerald
          Planetary Stone: Emerald, Aventurine
          Lucky Charms: Sapphire, Diamond 
     Gemini (May 21-Jun. 20) 
          Birthstone: Agate, Chrysoprase, Pearl 
          Planetary Stone: Tiger Eye 
          Lucky Charms: Agate, Emerald 

Lily of the Valley, Hawthorne or Lily
Faith, courage, foresight, Success in love
June Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Pearl, Moonstone 
     Traditional Birthstone - Alexandrite 
     Mystical Birthstone - Moonstone 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Pearl 
     Other Birthstone - Opal 

June Star stones
     Gemini (May 21-Jun. 20) 
          Birthstone: Agate, Chrysoprase, Pearl 
          Planetary Stone: Tiger Eye 
          Lucky Charms: Agate, Emerald 
     Cancer (Jun. 21-Jul. 22) 
          Birthstone: Emerald, Moonstone, Pearl, Ruby 
          Planetary Stone: Moonstone 
          Lucky Charms: Emerald, Agate, Chalcedony 

Rose or Honeysuckle
Tranquility, innocence, longevity, Health
July Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Ruby 
     Traditional Birthstone - Ruby
     Mystical Birthstone - Ruby 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Ruby 
     Other Birthstone - Carnelian

July Star Sign Stones
     Cancer (Jun. 21-Jul. 22) 
          Birthstone: Emerald, Moonstone, Pearl, Ruby 
          Planetary Stone: Moonstone 
          Lucky Charms: Emerald, Agate, Chalcedony 
     Leo (Jul. 23-Aug. 22) 
          Birthstone: Tourmaline, Sardonyx, Onyx 
          Planetary Stone: Rock Crystal 
          Lucky Charms: Peridot, Onyx, Amber 

Larkspur, Water Lily or Sunflower
 Contented mind. Success, devotion, integrity.
August Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Peridot 
     Traditional Birthstone - Sardonyx 
     Mystical Birthstone - Diamond 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Sapphire 
     Other Birthstone - Jade (from Elsewhere On Net) 

August Star Sign Stones
     Leo (Jul. 23-Aug. 22) 
          Birthstone: Tourmaline, Sardonyx, Onyx 
          Planetary Stone: Rock Crystal 
          Lucky Charms: Peridot, Onyx, Amber 
     Virgo (Aug. 23-Sep. 22) 
          Birthstone: Jasper, Carnelian, Jade, Sapphire 
          Planetary Stone: Citrine 
          Lucky Charms: Carnelian, Sardonyx 

Poppy or Gladiolus
 Conjugal felicity, Fame, dignity, protection.
September Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Sapphire 
     Traditional Birthstone - Sapphire
     Mystical Birthstone - Agate 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Moonstone
     Other Birthstone - Lapis Lazuli, Diamond, Chrsolite

September Star Sign Stones
     Virgo (Aug. 23-Sep. 22) 
          Birthstone: Jasper, Carnelian, Jade, Sapphire 
          Planetary Stone: Citrine 
          Lucky Charms: Carnelian, Sardonyx 
     Libra (Sep. 23-Oct. 22) 
          Birthstone: Opal, Lapis Lazuli, Peridot
          Planetary Stone: Sapphire 
          Lucky Charms: Opal, Chrsolite, Sardonyx 

Pansy, Aster or Morning Glory
 Love, mercy, victory.
October Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Opal, Tourmaline 
     Traditional Birthstone - Tourmaline 
     Mystical Birthstone - Jasper 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Opal 
     Other Birthstone - Pink Tourmaline, Zircon, Aquamarine 

October Star stones
     Libra (Sep. 23-Oct. 22) 
          Birthstone: Opal, Lapis Lazuli, Peridot
          Planetary Stone: Sapphire 
          Lucky Charms: Opal, Chrsolite, Sardonyx 
     Scorpio (Oct. 23-Nov. 21) 
          Birthstone: Aquamarine, Topaz 
          Planetary Stone: Garnet, Ruby 
          Lucky Charms: Aquamarine, Beryl 

Magnolia, Calendula, Cosmos or Hops
happiness, truth
November Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Yellow Topaz, Citrine 
     Traditional Birthstone - Citrine 
     Mystical Birthstone - Pearl 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Topaz 
     Other Birthstone - Diamond 

November Star Sign Stones
     Scorpio (Oct. 23-Nov. 21) 
          Birthstone: Aquamarine, Topaz 
          Planetary Stone: Garnet, Ruby 
          Lucky Charms: Aquamarine, Beryl 
     Sagittarius (Nov. 22-Dec. 21) 
          Birthstone: Sapphire, Amethyst, Turquoise, Topaz 
          Planetary Stone: Topaz 
          Lucky Charms: Topaz, Pearl 

Orchid, Chrysanthemum
 Fidelity, providence, good luck
December Birthstones
     Modern Birthstone - Blue Topaz, Turquoise 
     Traditional Birthstone - Zircon, Turquoise, Lapis Lazuli 
     Mystical Birthstone - Onyx 
     Ayurvedic Birthstone - Ruby 

December Star stones
     Sagittarius (Nov. 22-Dec. 21) 
          Birthstone: Sapphire, Amethyst, Turquoise, Topaz
          Planetary Stone: Topaz
          Lucky Charms: Topaz, Pearl
     Capricorn (Dec. 22-Jan. 19) 
          Birthstone: Ruby, Agate, Garnet
          Planetary Stone: Lapis Lazuli
          Lucky Charms: Ruby

Hibiscus, Narcissus or Holly
Prosperity, piety, courage