Gene isolation and modification:
    The genes you will receive could be originally obtained from researchers or made on our premises. Cloned genes are inserted into plasmid DNA, "ready to use" for most experiments.
    For numerous applications, gene may be prepared with specific different modifications. On your request we will modify, delete or insert specific sequences on the ends of genes to change it restriction pattern or optimize it structure for subsequent subcloning and expression experiments. For example, we can change the sequence preceding the first translated ATG codon to optimize its expression in prokaryotic or eukaryotic systems, or to change restriction sites on the DNA ends to facilitate subcloning of the gene.
    Using modified oligos we can introduce different labels at the ends of the gene, such as> biotin, fluorescein, digoxigenin, or replace thymidin with deoxyuridin. Using modified nucleotides we can introduce such labels as biotin and digoxigenin internally in the gene sequence.

Applications:
    Biotin has a high affinity to streptavidin and related proteins. A biotin-labeled DNA can be used to link DNA to enzyme-streptavidin conjugates, streptavidin affinity columns, streptavidin-covered plates and particles, or labeled streptavidin. For example;
    Biotin moiety can be attached to 5'-end of DNA through 8-mer spacer (Biotin-On), a 15-mer spacer (Biotin-Teg), or a thymidine residue (Biotin-dT) (All three ingredients are produced by Glen, Inc. and are the substrates for primer synthesis). For 5'-end labeling the standard to use is Biotin-Teg, while Biotin-On and Biotin-dT are used in internal labeling procedure.
    Fluorescein is a compound with strong fluoresces at 406 nm. Fluorescein-labeled DNA is useful for in situ hybridization, and in gene delivery experiments for tracing DNA uptake.
    Fluorescein moiety can be attached to 5'- end of DNA through… (Glen, Inc.). Digoxigenin is present in Digitalis plants and is not detectable in other biological material. PCR products may be very conveniently labeled with digoxigenin-11-dUTP, and detected with anti-digoxigenin antibodies, conjugated to alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, fluorescein or rhodamine.
    Deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) is a deoxynucleoside with the base uracil, which mostly behaves like a thymine base, and can be a substrate for primer synthesis. The enzyme uracil-N-glycosylase can specifically remove uracil from DNA, which results in creation of baseless sites, which are extremely fragile. Primer sequences prepares with dUTP, after uracyle-N-glycosylase treatment loses their affinity to complemental DNA and can be easily degraded at 65 grad. It is usable for creation new cohesive ends in PCR products when primers contain substantial amounts of uridine.