Historical New Jersey :
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S DICTUM :
" New Jersey is a barrel, tapped at one end by New York,
and at the other end by Philadelphia."
This is just as true today as it was 200 years ago!
( Our end of the barrel , Southern New Jersey , is tapped by Philadelphia.)
THE ART OF THE DEAL IN THE 60's:
THE GRANT OF KING CHARLES THE SECOND , TO JAMES, DUKE OF YORK
THE DEAL:
THE RELEASE OF JAMES, DUKE OF YORK TO JOHN LORD BERKELEY AND SIR GEORGE CARTERET
Charles grants the territory of New England ( including what is now New Jersey )
to his brother James, Duke of York at this time and later king in his own right.
( His translators produced the King James version of the Bible! )
Various sources of the text of the grant give differing place names.
I have attempted a compromise version here.
[ AT THE END ] " Witness ourself at Westminster, [ March 12, 1664 ] "
[ BEGINNING OF DOCUMENT ]
Charles the Second, by the grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland,
Defender of the Faith, &c. To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting:
Know that we, for divers good causes and considerations, us thereunto moving, have,
of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion, given and granted, and by
these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do give and grant unto our dearest brother
James, Duke of York, his heirs and assigns, all that part of the main land of New England,
beginning at a certain place called or known by the name of St. Croix, next adjoining to
New Scotland, in America; and from thence extending along the sea coast unto a certain
place called Pemaquine or Pemaquid, and so up the river thereof to the farthest head of
the same as it tendeth northward; and extending from the river of Kenebeque, and so upwards
by the shortest course to the river Canada, northward.
And also, all that island or islands, commonly called by the several name or names of
Mattowaks or Long Island, situate, lying, and being towards the west of Cape Codd and
the Narrow Higansetts, abuuting upon the main land between the two rivers, there called or
known by the several names of Connecticutt and Hudson's river; together also with said
river called Hudson's river, and all the lands from the west side of the Connecticutt river to
the east side of Delaware bay.
And also all those several islands called or known by the name of [Martin's OR Martha's]
Vineyard and Nantokes or otherwise Nantokett; together with all the lands, islands, soiles,
rivers, harbours, mines, minerals, quarries, woods, marshes, waters, lakes, fishings,
hawkings, huntings, and fowlings; and all the other royalties, profits, commodities, and
hereditaments to said several islands, lands, and premises belonging and appertaining
with their and every of their appurtenances;
and all our estate, title, interest, benefit, advantage, claim, and demand of, in or to the
said lands and premises, or any part and parcel thereof, and the reversion and reversions,
remainder and remainders; together with the yearly and other of the rents, revenues,
and profits of all and singular the said
premises, and of every part and parcel thereof; TO HAVE AND TO HOLD all and singular......
....to be holden of us, our heirs and successors, as of our manor of East Greenwich
in our county of Kent, in free and common soccage, and not in capitie, nor by
knight service yielding and rendering..."
THE RENT:
...and the said James Duke of York, doth for himself, his heirs and assigns,
covenant and promise to yield and render unto our heirs and successors,
of and for the same and every Year, forty beaver skins when they shall be demanded,
or within ninety days after.
THE SUB-CONTRACT:
( THE ART OF THE DEAL IN THE 70's: )
" THIS INDENTURE made the four and twentieth day of June, in the sixteenth year
of the reign of our sovereign Lord, Charles the Second, by the grace of God King of
England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c. Anno Domini 1664.
Between his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York, and Albany, Earl of Ulster,
Lord High Admiral of England and Ireland, Constable of Dover Castle,
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, and Governor of Portsmouth, of the one part:
John, Lord Berkeley, Baron of Stratton, and one of His Majesty's most
Honourable Privy Council, and Sir George Carteret of Saltrum, in the County of Devon,
Knight, and one of His Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council of the other part:
Whereas his said Majesty King Charles the Second, by hjs Letters Patents under
the Great Seal of England, ....
......did give and grant unto his said Royal Highness James, Duke of York
[ the grant of New England, detailled above ] ...
......doth grant, bargain, sell, release, and confirm unto the said John, Lord Berkeley
and Sir George Carteret, their heirs and assigns forever, all that tract of land adjacent to
New England, and lying and being to the westward of Long Island and Manhattens Island,
and bounded on the east, part by the main sea [ see Coastal NJ ! ] , and part by
Hudson's river, and hath upon the west, Delaware bay or river [ see Delaware Bay Counties! ]
and extendeth southward to the main ocean as far as Cape May at the mouth of Delaware bay;
and to the northward as far as the northernmost branch of the said bay or river of Delaware,
which is forty-one degrees and forty minutes of latitude, and crosseth over thence
in a straight line to Hudson's river in forty-one degrees of latitude; which said tract
of land is hereafter to be called by the name or names of New Caeserea or New Jersey...."
( This is just as accurate a geographical description of New Jersey today as
it was over 300 years ago ( in June 1664 ). )